Metalloenzyme inhibitor compounds as fungicides

ABSTRACT

The instant invention describes compounds of Formula I having metalloenzyme modulating activity, and methods of treating diseases, disorders or symptoms thereof mediated by such metalloenzymes.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 61/979,540 filed Apr. 15, 2014 and 62/047,384 filed Sep. 8, 2014, which are expressly incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND & SUMMARY

Fungicides are compounds, of natural or synthetic origin, which act to protect and/or cure plants against damage couased by agriculturally relevant fungi. Generally, no single fungicide is useful in all situations. Consquently, research is ongoing to produce fungicides that may have better performance, are easier to use, and cost less.

The present disclosure relates to metalloenzyme inhibitors and their use as fungicides. The compounds of the present disclosure may offer protection against ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes and oomycetes.

One embodimemnt of the present disclosure may include compounds of Formula I:

Where:

Z is optionally substituted 5-pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted 4-pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, or optionally substituted 3-pyridinyl;

R₁ is alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈;

R₂ is aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈;

R₃ is independently H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl, —C(O)alkyl, or —Si(alkyl)₃, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈;

R₄, R₅, R₆, and R₇ are independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl,alkoxy, halo, or cyano; and

R₈ is independently aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, thioalkyl, cyano, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, haloalkoxy, —C(O)alkyl, —C(O)OH, —C(O)O-alkyl, —SCF₃, —SF₅, —SCN, or —SO₂-alkyl.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure may include a fungicidal composition for the control or prevention of fungal attack comprising the compounds described above and a phytologically acceptable carrier material.

Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure may include a method for the control or prevention of fungal attack on a plant, the method including the stpes of applying a fungicidally effective amount of one or emore of the compounds described above to at least one of the fungus, the plant, and area adjacent to the plant.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following terms may icnlude generic “R”-groups within their definitions, e.g., “the term alkoxy referes to an —OR substituent”. It is also understood that within the definitions for the following terms, tehre “R” groups are included for illustration purposes and should not be construed as limiting or being limited by substitutions about Formula I.

The term “alkyl” referes to a brandched, unbranched, or saturated cyclic carbon chain, including, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like.

The term “alkenyl” refers to a branched, unbranched or cyclic carbon chain containing one or more double bonds including, but not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, isopropenyl, isobutenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and the like.

The term “alkynyl” refers to a brancked or unbranched carbon chain containing one or more triple bonds including, but not limited to, propynyl, butynyl and the like.

The term “aryl” or “Ar” refers to any aromatic ring, mono- or bi-cyclic, containing 0 heteroatoms.

The term “heterocycle” refers to any aromatic or non-aromatic ring, mono- or bi-cyclic, containing one or more heteroatoms.

The term “heteroaryl” or “Het” refers to any aromatic ring, mono- or bi-cyclic, containing one or more heteroatoms.

The term “alkoxy” refers to an —OR substituent.

The term “aryloxy” refers to an —OAr substituent.

The term “hetaryloxy” refers to an —OHet substituent.

The term “arylalkynyl” refers to an

Ar substituent.

The term “heteroarylalkynyl” refers to an

Het substituent.

The term “cyano” refers to a —C≡N substituent.

The term “hydroxyl” refers to an —OH substituent.

The term “amino” refers to a —NR₂ substituent.

The term “arylalkyl” refers to an -alkyl-Ar substituent.

The term “heteroarylalkyl” refers to an -alkyl-Het substituent.

The term “arylalkoxy” refers to —O(CH₂)_(n)Ar where n is an integer selected from the list 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

The term “heteroarylalkoxy” refers to —O(CH₂)_(a)Het where n is an integer selected from the list 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

The term “haloalkoxy” refers to an —OR substituent, wherein R is substituted with Cl, F, Br, or I, or any combination of one or more halogen atoms.

The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl, which is substituented with one or more halogen atoms.

The term “cyanoalkyl” refers to an alkyl, which is substituted with a cyano group.

The term “halogen” or “halo” refers to one or more halogen atoms, defined as F, Cl, Br, and I.

The term “nitro” refers to a —NO₂ substituent.

The term thioalkly refers to an —SR substituent.

Throughout the disclosure, reference to the compounds of Formula I is read as also including diastereomers, enantiomers, and mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, Formula (I) is read as also including salts or hydrates thereof. Exemplary salts include, but are not limited to: hydrochloride, hydrobromide, and hydroiodid.

It is also understood by those skilled in the art that additional substitution is allowable, unless otherwise noted, as long as the rules of chemical bonding and strain energy are satisfied and the product sitll exhibits fungicidal acitivity.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a use of a compound of Formula I, for protection for a plant against attack by a phytopathogenic organism or the treatment of a plant infested by a phytopathogenic organism, comprising the application of a compound of Formula I, or a composition comprising the compound to soil, a plant, a part of a plant, foliage, seeds, and/or roots.

Additionally, another embodiment of the present disclosure is a composition useful for protecting a plant against attack by a phytopathogenic organism and/or treatment of a plant infested by a phytopathogenic organism comprising a compound of Formula I and a phytologically acceptable carrier materical.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The compounds of the present disclosure may be applied by any of a variety of know techniques, either as the compounds or as formulations comprising the compounds. For example, the compounds may be applied to the seeds, roots or foliage of plants for the control of various fungi, without damaging the commercial value of the plants. The materials may be applied in the form of any of the generally used formulation types, for example, as solutions, dusts, wettable powders, flowable concentrate, or emulsifiable concentrates.

Preferably, the compounds of the present disclosure are applied in the form of a formulation, comprising one or more of the compounds of Formula I with a phytologically acceptable carrier. Concentrated formulations may be dispersed in water, or other liquids, for application, or formulations may be dust-like or granular, which may then be applied without further treatment. The formulations can be prepared according to procedures that are conventional in the agricultural chemical art.

The present disclosure contemplates all vehicles by which one or more of the compounds may be formulated for delivery and use as a fungicide. Typically, formulations are applied as aqueous suspensions or emulsions. Such suspensions or emulsions may be produced from wahter-solubel, water-suspendible, or emulsifiable formulations which are solids, usually known as wettable powders; or liquids, usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous suspensions, or suspension concentrates. As will be readily appreciated, any material to which these compounds may be added may be used, provided it yields the desired utility without significant interference with the activity of these compounds as antifungal agents.

Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water-dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of one or more of the compounds of Formula I, an inert carrier and surfactants. The concentration of the compound in the wettable powder may be from about 10 percent to about 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the wettable powder, more preferably about 25 weight percent to about 75 weight percent. In the preparation of wettable powder formulations, the compounds may be compounded with any finely divided solid, such as prophyllite, talc, chalk, gypsum, Fuller's earth, bentonite, attapulgite, starch, casein, gluten, montmorillonite clays, diatomaceous earths, purified silicates or the like. In such operations, the finely divided carrier and surfactants are typically blended with the compounds(s) and milled.

Emulsifiable concentrates of the compounds of Formula I may comprise a convenient concentration, such as from about 1 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of the compound, in a suitable liquid, based on the total weight of the concentrate. The compounds may be dissolved in an inert carrier, which is either a water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvents, and emulsifiers. The concentrates may be diluted with water and oil to form spray mixtures in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphta. Other organic solvents may also be used, for example, terpenic solvents, including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones, such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols, such as 2-ethoxyethanol.

Emulsifiers which may be advantageously employed herein may be readily determined by those skilled in the art and include various nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers, or a blend of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers useful in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates includ the polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids with ethylene oxide, propylene oxides such as the ethoxylated alkyl phenols and carboxylic esters solubilized with the polyol or polyoxyalkylene. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include the oil-soluble salts (e.g., calcium) of alkylaryl sulphonic acids, oil-soluble salts or sulfated polyglycol ethers and appropriate salts of phosphated polyglycol ether.

Representative organic liquids which may be employed in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates of the compounds of the present disclosure are the aromatic liquids such as xylene, propyl benzene fractions; or mixed naphthalene fractions, mineral oils, substituted aromatic organic liquids such as dioctyl phthalate; kerosene; dialkyl amids of various fatty acids, particularly the dimethyl amides of fatty glycols and glycol derivatives such as the n-butyl ether, ethyl ether or methyl ether of diethylene glycol, the methyl ether of triethylene glycol, petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, aromatic solvents, paraffinic oils, and the like; vegetable oils such as soy bean oil, rape seed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like; esters of the above vegetable oils; and the like. Mixtures of two or more organic liquids may also be employed in the preparation of the emulsifiable concentrate. Organic liquids include xylene, and propyl benzene fractions, with xylene being most preferred in some cases. Surface-active dispersing agents are typically employed in liquid formulations and in an amount of from 0.1 to 20 percent by weight based on the combined weight of the dispersing agent with one or more of the compounds. The formulations can also contain other compatible additives, for example, plant growth regulators and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture.

Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of one or more water-insoluble compounds of Formula I, dispersed in an aqueous vehicle at a concentration in the range from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aqueous suspension. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding one or more of the compounds, and vigorously mixing the ground material into a vehicle comprised of water and surfactants chose from the same types discussed above. Other components, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums, may also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous vehicle.

The compounds for Formula I can also be applied as granular formulations, which are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular formulations generally contain from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the granular formulation of the compound(s), dispersed in an inert carrier which consists entirely or in large part of coarsely divided inert material such as attapulgite, bentonite, diatomite, clay or a similar inexpensive substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving the compounds in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been preformed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3 mm. A suitable solvent is a solvent in which the compound is substantially or completely soluble. Such formulations may also be prepared by making a dough or paste of the carrier and the compound and solvent, and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle.

Dusts containing the compounds of Formula I may be prepared by intimately mixing one or more of the compounds in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as, for example, kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can suitably contain from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the compounds, based on the total weight of the dust.

The formulations may additionally contain adjuvant surfactants to enhance deposition, wetting and penetration of the compounds onto the target crop and organism. These adjuvant surfactants may optionally be employed as a component of the formulation or as a tank mix. The amount of adjuvant surfactant will typically vary from 0.01 to 1.0 percent by volume, based on a spray-volume of water, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 volume percent. Suitable adjuvant surfactants include, but are not limited to ethoxylated nonyl phenols, ethoxylated synthetic or natural alcohols, salts of the esters or sulphosuccinic acids, ethoxylated organosilicones, ethoxylated fatty amines, blends of surfactants with mineral or vegetable oils, crop oil concentrate (mineral oil (85%)+emulsifers (15%)); nonylphenol ehtoxylate; benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salt; blend of petroleum hydrocarbon, alkyl esters, organic acid, and anionic surfactant; C₉-C₁₁ alkylpolyglycoside; phosphated alcohol ethoxylate; natural primary alcohol (C₁₂-C₁₆) ethoxylate; di-sec-butylphenol EO—PO block copolymer; polysiloxane-methyl cap; nonylphenol ethoxylate+urea ammonium nitrrate; emulsified methylated seed oil; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate (8EO); tallow amine ethoxylate (15 EO); PEG (400) dioleate-99. The formulations may also include oil-in-water emulsions such as those disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/495,228, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.

The formulations may optionally include combinations that contain other pesticidal compounds. Such additional pesticidal compounds may be fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, nematocides, miticides, arthropodicides, bactericides or combinations thereof that are compatible with the compounds of the present disclosure in the medium selected for application, and not antagonistic to the activity of the present compounds. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the other pesticidal compound is employed as a supplemental toxicant for the same or for a different pesticidal use. The compounds of Formula I and the pesticidal compound in the combination can generally be present in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1.

The compounds of the present disclosure may also be combined with other fungicides to form fungicidal mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. The fungicidal compounds of the present disclosure are often applied in conjunction with one or more other fungicides to control a wider variety of undesirable diseases. When used in conjunction with other fungicide(s), the presently claimed compounds may be formulated with the other fungicide(s), tank-mixed with the other fungicide(s) or applied sequentially with the other fungicide(s). Such other fungicides may include 2-(thiocyanatomethylthio)-benzothiazole, 2-phenylphenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, amethoctradin, amisulbrom, antimycin, Ampelomyces quisqualis, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, benalaxyl, benomyl, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzovindiflupyr, benzylaminobenzene-sulfonate (BABS) salt, bicarbonates, biphenyl, bismerthiazol, bitertanol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, calcium polysulfide, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, chlazafenone, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, Coniothyrium minitans, copper hydroxide, copper octanoate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper sulfate (tribasic), cuprous oxide, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dazomet, debacarb, diammonium ethylenebis-(dithiocarbamate), dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, diclocyment, diclomezine, dichloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, difenzoquat ion, diflumetorim, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinobuton, dinocap, diphenylamine, dithianon, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, dodine, dodine free base, edifenphos, enestrobin, enestroburin, eponxiconazole, ethaboxam, ethoxyquin, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumorph, fluropicolide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, formaldehyde, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine, guazatine acetates, GY-81, hexachlorobenzene, hexaconazole, hymexazol, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesilate), iodocarb, ipconazole, ipfenpyrazolone, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, mancopper, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, mefenoxam, mepanipyrim, mepronil, meptyl-dinocap, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metam, metam-ammonium, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, metconazole, methasulfocarb, methyl iodide, methyl isothiocyanate, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, myclobutanil, nabam, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, oleic acid (fatty acids), orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxine-copper, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate, penthiopyrad, phenymercury acetate, phosphonic acid, phthalide, picoxystrobin, polyoxin B, polyoxins, polyoxorim, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyriofenone, pyroquilon, quinoclamine, quinoxyfen, quintozene, Reynoutira sachalinensis extract, sedaxane, silthiofam, simeconazole, sodium 2-phenylphenoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, spiroxamine, sulfur, SYP-Z048, tar oils, tebuconazole, tebufloquin, tecnazene, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tidinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenonl, triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, validamycin, valifenalate, valiphenal, vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, zoxamide, Candida oleophila, Fusarium oxysporum, Gliocladium spp. Phlebiopsis gigantea, Streptomyces griseoviridis, Trichoderma spp., (RS)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-succinimide, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoroacetone hydrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitronaphthalene, 1-chloro-2-nitropropane, 2-(2-heptadecyl-2-imidazoline-1-yl) ethanol, 2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1,4-dithi-ine 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide, 2-methoxyethylmercury acetate, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-methoxyethylmercury silicate, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine, 4-(2-nitroprop-1-enyl)phenyl thiocyanateme, ampropylfos, anilazine, azithiram, barium polysulfide, Bayer 32394, benodanil, benquinox, bentaluron, benzamacril; benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, binapacryl, bis(methylmercury) sulfate, bis(trisbutyltin) oxide, buthiobate, cadmium calcium copper zinc chromate sulfate, carbamorph, CECA, chlobenthiazone, chloraniformethan, chlorfenazole, chlorquinox, climbazole, copper bis(3-phenylsalicylate), copper zinc chromate, cufraneb, cupric hydrazinium sulfate, cuprobam, cyclafuramid, cypendazole, cyprofuram, decafentin, dichlone, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, dimethirimol, dinocton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon, dipyrithione, ditalimfos, dodicin, drazoxolon, EBP, ESBP, etaconazole, etem, ethirim, fenaminosulf, fenapanil, fenitropan, fluotrimazole, furcarbanil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furmecyclox, furophanate, glyodine, griseofulvin, halacrinate, Hercules 3944, hexylthiofos, ICIA0858, isopamphos, isovaledione, mebenil, mecarbinzid, metazoxolon, methfuroxam, methylmercury dicyandiamide, metsulfovax, milneb, mucochloric anhydride, myclozolin, N-3-5-dichlorophenyl-succinimdie, N-3-nitrophenylitaconimide, natamycin, N-ethylmercurio-4-toluenesulfonanilide, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), OCH, phenylmercury dimethyldithiocarbamate, phenylmercury nitrate, phosdiphen, prothiocarb; prothiocarb hydronchloride, pyracarbolid, pyridinitril, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quinacetol; quinacetol sulfate, quinazamid, quinconazole, rabenzazole, salicylanilide, SSF-109, sultropen, tecoram, thiadifluor, thicyofen, thiochlorfenphim, thiophanate, thioquinox, tioxymid, triamiphos, triarimol, triazbutil, trichlamide, urbacid, zarilamid, and any combinations thereof.

Additionally, the compounds described herein may be combined with other pesticides, including insecticides, nematocides, miticides, arthropodicides, bactericides or combinations thereof that are compatible with the compounds of the present disclosure in the medium selected for application, and not antagonistic to the activity of the present compounds to form pesticidal mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. The fungicidal compounds of the present disclosure may be applied in conjunction with one or more other pesticides to control a wider variety of undesireable pests. When used in conjunction with other pesticides, the presently claimed compounds may be formulated with the other pesticide(s), tank-mixed with the other pesticide(s) or applied sequentially with the other pesticide(s). Typical insecticides include, but are not limited to: 1,2-dichloropropane, abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acethion, acetoprole, acrinathrin, acrylonitrile, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, aldrin, allethrin, allosamidin, allyxycarb, alpha-cypermethrin, alpha-ecdysone, alpha-endosulfan, amidithion, aminocarb, amiton, amiton oxalate, amitraz, anabasine, athidathion, azadirachtin, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethy, azinphos-methyl, azothoate, barium hexafluorosilicate, barthrin, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bistrifluron, borax, boric acid, bromfenvinfos, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bufencarb, buprofezin, butacarb, butathiofos, butocarboxim, butonate, butoxycarboxium, cadusafos, calcium arsenate, calcium polysulfide, camphechlor, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, cartap, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole, chlorbicyclen, chlordane, chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, chloroform, chloropicrin, chlorphoxim, chlorprazophos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorthiophos, chromafenozide, cinerin I, cinerin II, cinerins, cismethrin, cloethocarb, closantel, clothianidin, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, coumaphos, coumithoate, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, crufomate cryolite, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyanthoate, cyantraniliprole, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cyromazine, cythioate, DDT, decarbofuran, deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, diafenthiuron, dialifos, diatomaceous earth, diazinon, dicapthon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos, dicresyl, dicrotophos, dicyclanil, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dilor, dimefluthrin, dimefox, dimetan, dimethoate, dimethrin, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dinex, dinex-diclexine, dinoprop, dinosam, dinotefuran, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion, disulfoton, dithicrofos, d-limonene, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC-potassium, DNOC-sodium, doramectin, ecdysterone, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, EMPC, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothion, endrin, EPN, epofenonane, eprinomectin, esdepalléthrine, esfenvalerate, etaphos, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethiprole, ethoate-methyl, ethoprophos, ethyl formate, ethyl-DDD, ethylen dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, etofenprox, etrimfos, EXD, famphur, fenamiphos, fenazaflor, fenchlorphos, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxycarb, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fensulfothion, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flucofuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, flufenprox, fluvalinate, fonofos, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, formothion, formparanate, formparanate hydrochloride, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthietan, furathiocarb, furethrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, halfenprox, halofenozide, HCH, HEOD, heptachlor, heptenophos, heterophos, hexaflumuron, HHDN, hydramethylnon, hydrogen cyanide, hydroprene, hyquincarb, imidacloprid, imiprothrin, indoxacarb, iodomethane, IPSP, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbophos, isodrin, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isoprocarb, isoprothiolane, isothioate, isoxathion, ivermectin, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jodfenphos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormone III, kelevan, kinoprene, lambda-cyhalothrin, lead arsenate, lepimectin, leptophos, lindane, lirimfos, lufenuron, lythidathion, malathion, malonoben, mazidox, mecarbam, mecarphon, menzson, mephosfolan, mercurous chloride, mesulfenfos, metaflumizone, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methocrotophos, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, methylchloroform, methylene chloride, metofluthrin, metolcarb, methoxadiazone, mevinphos, mexacarbate, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, mipafox, mirex, molosultap, monocrotophos, monomehypo, monosultap, morphothion, moxidectin, naftalofos, naled, naphthalene, nicotine, nifluridide, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitrilacarb, novaluron, noviflumuron, omethoate, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, para-dichlorobenzene, parathion, parathion-methyl, penfluron, pentachlorophenol, perminthrin, phenkapton, phenothrin, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosfolan, phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimpiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl, potassium arsenite, potassium thiocyanate, pp′-DDT, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II, precocene III, primidophos, profenofos, profluralin, promacyl, promecarb, propaphos, propetamphos, propxur, prothidathion, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute, pyraclofos, pyrafluprole, pyrazophos, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrins, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyridaphenthion, pyfifluquinazon, pyrimidifen, pyrimitate, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, quassia, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl, quinothion, rafoxanide, resmethrin, rotenone, ryania, sabadilla, schradan, selamectin, silafluofen, silica gel, sodium arsenite, sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosiliacate, sodium thiocyanate, sophamide, spinetoram, spinosad, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulfluramid, sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfuryl fluoride, sulprofos, tau-fluvalinate, tazimcarb, TDE, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimfos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, TEPP, terallethrin, terbufos, tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, theta-cypermethrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thicrofos, thiocarboxime, thiocyclam, thiocyclam oxalate, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiometon, thiosultap, thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap-monosodium, thuringiensin, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, tranfluthrin, transpermethrin, triarathene, triazamate, triazophos, trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3,trichloronat, trifenofos, triflumuron, trimethacarb, triprene, vamidothion, vaniliprole, XMC, xylylcarb, zeta-cypermethrin, zolaprofos, and any combinations thereof.

Additionally, the compounds described herein may be combined with herbicides that are compatible with the compounds of the present disclosure in the medium selected for application, and not antagonistic to the activity of the present compounds to form pesticidal mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. The fungicidal compounds of the present disclosure may be applied in conjunction owth one or more herbicides to control a wide variety of undesirable plants. When used in conjunction with herbicides, the presently claimed compounds may be formulated with the herbicide(s), tank-mixed with the herbicide(s) or applied sequentially with the herbicide(s). Typical herbicides include, but are not limited to: 4-CPA; 4-CPB; 4-CPP; 2,4-D; 3,4-DA; 2,4-DB; 3,4-DB; 2,4-DEB; 2,4-DEP; 3,4-DP; 2,3,6-TBA; 2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-TB; acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydime, allyl alcohol, alorac, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, amiprofos-methyl, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, anisuron, asulam, atraton, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, aziprotryne, barban, BCPC, beflubutamid, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron, bensulide, bentazone, benzadox, benzfendizone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzoylprop, benzthiazuron, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac, borax, bromacil, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, brompyrazon, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butenachlor, buthidazole, buthiuron, butralin, butroxydim, buturon, butylate, cacodylic acid, cafenstrole, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide, cambendichlor, carbasulam, carbetamide, carboxazole, chlorprocarb, carfentrazone, CDEA, CEPC, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chloranocryl, chlorazifop, chlorazine, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole, chlorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlornitrofen, chloropon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chloroxynil, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthiamid, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, cisanilide, clethodim, cliodinate, clodinafop, clofop, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, cloransulam, CMA, copper sulfate, CPMF, CPPC, credazine, cresol, cumyluron, cyanatryn, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyhalofop, cyperquat, cyprazine, cyprazole, cypromid, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, delachlor, desmedipham, desmetryn, di-allate, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichloralurea, dichlormate, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diclosulam, diethamquat, diethatyl, difenopenten, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflurenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimexano, dimidazon, dinitramine, dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, diphenamid, dipropetryn, diquat, disul, dithipyr, diuron, DMPA, DNOC, DSMA, EBEP, elinazine, endothal, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethidimuron, ethiolate, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, etinofen, etnipromid, etobenzanid, EXD, fenasulam, fenoprop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxasulfone, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fentrazamide, fenuron, ferrous sulfate, flamprop, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, flurazifop-P, fluazolate, flurcarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenican, flufenpyr, flumetsulam, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, fluometuron, fluorodifen, fluoroflycofen, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, fluothiuron, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine, furyloxyfen, glufosinate, glufosinate-P, glyphosate, halauxifen, halosafen, halosulfuron, haloxydine, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, hexachloroacetone, hexaflurate, hexazinone, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodobonil, iodomethane, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, ipazine, ipfencarbazone, iprymidam, isocarbamid, isocil, isomethiozin, isonoruron, isoplinate, isopropalin, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, karbutilate, ketospiradox, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MAA, MAMA, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, medinoterb, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron, methalpropalin, methazole, methiobencarb, methiozolin, methiuron, methometon, methoprotryne, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, monalide, monisouron, monochloroacetic acid, monolinuron, monuron, morfamquat, MSMA, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, nipyraclofen, nitralin, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, norflurazon, noruron, OCH, orbencarb, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxapyrazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, parafluron, paraquat, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamid, phenisopham, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenylmercury acetate, picloram, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, procyazine, prodiamine, profluazol, profluralin, profoxydim, proglinazine, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propyisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, proxan, prynachlor, pydanon, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyrafulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinonamid, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, rhodethanil, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, S-metolachlor, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simeton, simetryn, SMA, sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, sulfuric acid, sulglycapin, swep, TCA, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrion tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor,terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, terrafluron, thenylchlor, thiazafluron, thiazopyr, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, topramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tricamba, triclopyr, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, trifop, trifopsime, trihydroxytriazine, trimeturon, tripropindan, tritac, tritosulfuron, vernolate, and xylachlor.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for the control or prevention of fungal attack. This method comprises applying to the soil, plant, roots, seeds, foliage, or locus of the fungus, or to a locus in which the infestation is to be rpevented (for example applying to cereal or grape plants), a fungicidally effective amount of one or more of the compounds of Formula I. The compounds are suitable for treatment of various plants at fungicidal levels, while exhibiting low phytotoxicity. The compounds may be useful both in a protectant and/or an eradicant fashion.

The compounds have been found to have significant fungicidal effect particularly for agricultural use. Many of the compounds are particulary effective for use with agricultural crops and horticultural plants.

It will be understood by those in the art that the efficacy of the compound for the foregoing fungi establishes the general utility of the compounds as fungicides.

The compounds have broad ranges of activity against fungal pathogens. Exemplary pathogens may include, but are not limited to, causing agent of wheat leaft blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola; impect stage: Septoria tritici), wheat brown rust (Puccinia triticina), wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), scab of apple (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew of grapevine (Uncinula necator), barley scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), blast of rice (Magnaporthe grisea), rust of soybean (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), glume blotch of wheat (Leptosphaeria nodorum), powdery mildew of wheat (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici), powdery mildew of barley (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), powdery mildew of cucurbits (Erysiphe cichoracearum), anthracnose of cucurbits (Glomerella lagenarium), leaf spot of beet (Cercospora beticola), early blight of tomato (Alternaria solani), and spot blotch of barley (Cochliobolus sativurs). The exact amount of the active material to be applied is dependent not only on the specific active material being applied, but also on the particular action desired, the fungal specied to be controlled, and the stage of growth thereof, as well as part of the plant or other product to be contacted with the compound. Thus, all the compounds, and formulations containing the same, may not be equally effective at similar concentrations or against the same fungal species.

The compounds are effective in use with plants in a disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount. The term “disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount” refers to an amount of a compound that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, but is not significantly toxic to the plant. This amount will generally be from about 0.1 to about 1000 ppm (parts per million), with 1 to 500 ppm being preferred. The exact concentration of compound required varies with the fungal disease to be controlled, the type of formulation employed, the method of application, the particular plant species, climate conditions, and the like. A suitable application rate is typically in the range from about 0.10 to about 4 pounds/acre (about 0.01 to 0.45 grams per square meter, g/m²).

Any range or desired value given herein may be extended or altered without losing the effects sought, as is apparent to the skilled person for an understanding of the teachings herein.

The compounds of Formula I may be made using well-known chemical procedures. Intermediates not specifically mentioned in this disclosure are either commerically available, may be made by routes disclosed in the chemical literature, or may be readily synthesized from commerical starting materials utilizing standard procedures.

General Schemed

The following schemes illustrate approaches to generating metalloenzyme inhibitor compounds of Formula I. The following descriptions and examples are provided for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting in terms of substiluents or substitution patterns.

The compound of Formula 1.6, wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, R₈, and Z are as originally defined, can be prepared as shown in Scheme 1, steps a-d from the appropriately substituted precursors, such as compounds of Formulae 1.0 and 1.1. The compound of Formula 1.2 can be prepared via metallation chemistry by treating a solution of an appropriately substituted heteroaryl bromide, such as the bromide of Formula 1.0, 5-bromopyrimidine, in a mixture of polar, aprotic solvents, for example diethyl ether (Et₂O) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), wherein the ratio of the solvents is about 1:1, with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) at a reduced temperature of about −107° C., as described by Frisson, A. E. et. al. (Tetrahedron (1989), 45(17), 5611-5620). The resultant aryl lithium or heteroaryl lithium, for example 5-lithiopyrimidine, can be quenched with a solution of an appropriately substituted aldehyde, such as the aldehyde of Formula 1.1, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, in a polar, aprotic solvent like THF at a reduced temperature from about −107° C. to about −67° C., as shown in step a. Ketones like the compound of Formula 1.3 can be prepared via oxidation of an appropriately substituted secondary alcohol, for example the alcohol of Formula 1.2, by treating with an oxidant such as manganese dioxide (MnO₂), in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent like methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂, DCM) at ambient temperature, as shown in step b. Tertiary alcohols like the compound of Formula 1.4 can be prepared by treating a solution of an appropriately substituted ketone, such as the ketone of Formula 1.3, in a polar aprotic solvent like THF with a nucleophile such as a Grignard reagent, for example tert-butylmagnesium chloride (^(t)BuMGCl), at a reduced temperature of about −78° C., as shown in step c. Compounds like the compound of Formula 1.6, wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, R₈, and Z are as originally defined, can be prepared via a Suzuki coupling between an aryl bromide like the bromide of Formula 1.4 and an appropriately substituted boronic acid or boronate ester, for example the boronic acid of Formula 1.5, in the presence of an alkali carbonate base, such as potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), and a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) [Pd(PPh₃)₄], in a mixed solvent system, such as a polar solvent, for example N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dioxane or acetonitrile (CH₃CN), mixed with water, wherein the ratio of organic solvent to water in the composition is about 3:1, at an elevated temperature, achieved through conventional heating or microwave irradiation, of about 120° C., as shown in step d.

Compounds of Formula I, wherein R₁-R₈, and Z are as originally defined, can be prepared as shown in Scheme 2, steps a-b from teh appropriately substituted precursors, such as compounds of Forumla 2.0. Compounds of Formula 2.0, wherein R₁, R₄-R₈, and Z are as originally defined and R₂ is halo, for example bromine, and R₃ is hydrogen, can be prepared according to the methods outlined in Scheme 1, steps a-c. Compounds of Formula 2.1, wherein R₁, R₄-R₈, and Z are as originally defined and R₂ is halo, for example bromine, and R₃ is as originally defined, for example alkyl, can be prepared by treating solutions of compounds of Formula 2.0, wherein R₁-R₈ and Z are as defined above, in a polar, aprotic solvent like THF with a strong base, for example sodium hydride, (NaH), and an alkylating agent, for example iodomethane (CH₃I), at a temperature from about 0° C. to about 22° C., as shown in step a. Compounds of Formula I, wherein R₁-R₈ and Z are as originally defined, can be prepared by reacting compounds of Formula 2.1, wherein R₁-R₈ and Z are as defined above, with a boronic acid or boronate ester, for example the boronic acid of Formula 2.2, wherein R₂ is as originally defined, under the Suzuki cross coupling conditions described in Scheme 1, step d, as shown in step b.

EXAMPLES Example 1: Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1-(4′-trifluoromethoxy)-[1, 1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)propan-1-ol (1)

Step A: Prepartion of (4-bromophenyl)(phyrimidin-5-yl)methanol

Followed as adapted procedure described by Frissen, A. E. et. al. (Tetrahedron (1989), 45(17), 5611-5620). To a solution of 5-bromopyrimidine (1.00 gram (g), 6.29 millimoles (mmol)) in a mixture of THF and Et₂O (1:1, 20 milliliters (mL) total) was added n-BuLi (2.5 Molar (M) solution in hexanes, 2.6 mL, 6.60 mmol) dropwise at −107° C. (ethanol (EtOH)/liquid nitrogen (N₂) bath) under an N₂ atmosphere, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min (min) and then treated dropwise with a solution of 4-bromobenzaldehyde (1.16 g, 6.29 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The resulting light-yellow solution was slowly warmed to −67° C. over a period of 1.5 h (h), the cooling bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), partitioned between ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×) and the combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride soloution (NaCl, brine), dried over sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), filtered, concentrated, and the residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel (SiO₂), 0→100% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the title compound (1.522 g, 91%) as a white crystalline solid; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1h), 8.68 (d,J=0.7 Hz, 2H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.22 (m, 2H), 5.85 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 3.15 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H); ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 157.8, 155.2, 140.9, 136.3, 132.2, 128.2, 122.6, 71.9; ESIMS m/z 266 ([M+H]⁺).

Step B: Preparation of (4-bromophenyl)(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanone

To a solution of (4-bromophenyl)(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol (0.785 g, 2.96 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (12 mL) was added MnO₂ (2.57 g, 29.6 mmol) and the resulting suspension was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite® rinsing with CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the title compound (0.770 g, 99%) as a yellow solid: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 2H), 7.70 (s, 4H); ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 191.5, 160.9, 157.6, 134.5, 132.3, 131.3, 130.6, 129.3; ESIMS m/z 264 ([M+H]⁺).

Step C: Preparation of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

To a solution of (4-bromophenyl)(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanone (0.357 g, 1.36 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added ^(t)BuMgCl (1.0 M solution in THF, 2.7 mL, 2.70 mmol) dropwise at −78° C. and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, partitioned between EtOAc and water, and the phases separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with additional EtOAc (2×) an the combined organics were washed with brine dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated, and the residue pufified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 0→100% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the title compound (0.220 g, 51%) as a white solid: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 2H), 7.50-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.26 (m, 2H), 2.59 (s, 1H), 1.15 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.8, 156.4, 142.8, 138.5, 130.9, 129.9, 121.7, 80.8, 39.3, 26.9; ESIMS m/z 322 ([M+H]⁺).

Step D: Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1-(4′-(trifluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)propan-1-ol (1)

To a 5 mL microwave reactor vial were added 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2, 2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol (0.055 g, 0.171 mmol), (4-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid (0.046 g, 0.223 mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.083 g, 0.60 mmol), DMF (0.40 mL) and water (0.10 mL), and the mixture was purged with N₂ for 5 min. To the mixture was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.002 g, 0.0002 mmol) and the vessel was capped, placed in a Biotage Initiator microwave reactor for 1 h at 120° C., with external IR-sensor temperature monitoring from the side of the vessel. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite® rinsing with EtOAc (30 mL) and the filtrate was washed successively with water (3×) and brine (1×), dried over Na₂So₄, filtered, concentrated, and the residue purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 0→60% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the title compound (0.064 g, 93%) as a white solid: See Table 2 for characterization data.

Example 2: Preparation of 5-(1-(3-fluoro-4′-trifluoromethoxy)-[1, 1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrimidine (79)

Step A: Preparation of 5-(1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-1-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-pyrimidine

To an oven-dried scintillation vial were added 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol (0.300 g, 0.88 mmol) and THF (4.5 mL), and the resulting solution was cooled to 0° C. and treated with NaH (0.071 g, 1.77 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) followed by iodomethane (CH₃I; 0.314 g, 2.21 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to rt overnight and was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, diluted with water and EtOAc, and the phases separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×) and the combined organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and the residue purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 0→40% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the title compound (0.274 g, 88%) as an off-white solid: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.80 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (ddd, J=8.5, 2.0, 0.6 Hz, 1H) 7.20 (dd, J=11.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 1.14 (s,9H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −96.60; ESIMS m/z 354 ([M+H]⁺).

Step B: Preparation of 5-(1-(3-fluoro-4′-(trifluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrimidine (79)

To a 5 mL microwave reactor vial were added 5-(1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-1-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrimidine (0.030 g, 0.085 mmol), (4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid (0.035 g, 0.17 mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.041 g, 0.60 mmol), DMF (0.40 mL), and water (0.10 mL), and the mixture was purged with N₂ for 5 min. To the mixture was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.001 g, 0.00008 mmol) and the vessel was capped, placed in a Biotage Initiator microwave reactor for 30 min at 120° C., with external IR-sensor temperature monitoring from the side of the vessel. The cooled reaction mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×) and the combined organics were washed successively with water (3×) and brine (1×) dried over sodium sulfate, filteed, concentrated, and the residue purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, 0→40% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the title compound (0.36 g, 98%) as a clear, viscous oil: See Table 2 for characterization data.

Example 3: Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-methyl-4-(5-(trifluoromethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol (98)

Step A: Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

1-(4-Bromo-2-methylphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol (0.219 g, 0.653 mmol, 1.0 equiv), 4,4,4′, 4′, 5,5,5′5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (0.216 g, 0.849 mmol, 1.3 equiv), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (0.048 g, 0.065 mmol, 0.1 equiv) and potassium acetate (0.128 g, 1.31 mmol, 2.0 equiv) were placed in an oven-dried scintillation vial and purged with nitrogen for five min. 1,4-dioxane (3.3 mL) was added and the reaction was heated at 90° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled to rt and diluted with ethyl acetate and water, then the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2) and the combined organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with a 0 to 40% ethyl acetate gradient afforded 0.233 g (0.609 mmol, 93% yield) of the title compound as a white powder. ¹H NMR (400 HMz, CDCl₃) δ 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=7.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 754 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (s, 1H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 12H), 1.21 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.3, 156.0, 144.4, 140.5, 138.2, 137.7, 130.9, 127.7, 83.9, 81.3, 39.7, 24.8, 24.6, 22.6; ESIMS m/z 383 [M+H]⁺.

Step B: Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-methyl-4-(5-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-2-yl) phenyl)-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol (98).

2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl) propan-1-ol (0.060 g, 0.157 mmol, 1.0 equiv), 2-bromo-5-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridine (0.076 g, 0.314 mmol, 2.0 equiv) and potassium carbonate (0.065 g, 0.471 mmol, 3.0 equiv) were placed in a 2 mL microwave vial and DMF and water (0.400 mL/0.100 mL) were added. The vial was purged with nitrogen for 5 min and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (1.8 mg, 0.00157 mmol, 0.01 equiv) was added. The reaction was run in a Biotage microwave reactor for 30 min at 120° C. The reaction mixture was transferred to a scintillation vial and solvents were removed in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with a 50% ethyl acetate/hexane gradient afforded 61 mg (0.146 mmol, 93% yield) of the title compound as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.64 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.59 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ−58.1; ESIMS m/z 418 [M+H]⁺.

Example 4: Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1-(4′-(trifluoromethyoxy) -3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)propan-1-ol (109)

Step A: Preparation of 1-(4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one

4-Bromo-1-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (2.0 g, 5.70 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was placed in an oven-dried scintillation vial and dissolved in THF (11.4 mL). Isopropylmagenesium chloride lithium chloride complex (5.7 mL of a 1.3 M solution in ether, 7.41 mmol, 1.3 equiv) was added, and the resultant dark brown solution was stirred at rt for 2 h. The Grignard solution was then added dropwise to a solution of trimethylacetyl chloride (0.893 g, 7.41 mmol, 1.3 equiv in 11 mL THF) and the reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched carefully with sat. NH₄Cl, diluted with ethyl acetate and water, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethylacetate (×1) and the combined organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromathography eluting with a 5% ethyl acetate/hexane gradient afforded 1.05 g (3.40 mmol, 60% yield) of the title compound as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.83 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (ddd, J=8.3, 1.9, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 1.25 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 211.1., 138.3, 134.3, 130.1 (q, J=4.5 Hz), 126.9, 123.7, 122.8, 121.5, 44.7, 27.6; ESIMS m/z 310 [M+H]⁺.

Step B: Preparation of 1-(4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)phyenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol

5-Bromopyrimidine (1.17 g, 7.38 mmol, 1.2 equiv) was placed in an oven-dried 50-mL round-bottomed flask and dissolved in THF/Et₂O (15.4 mL/15.4 mL). The solution was cooled to −105° C. (ethanol/liquid N₂ bath) and n-butyllithium (3 mL of 2.5 M solution in hexanes, 7.38 mmol, 1.2 equiv) was added dropwise under N₂. After stirring for 15 min, a solution 1-(4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one (1.9 g, 6.15 mmol, 1.0 equiv in 5 mL THF) is added dropwise. The resultant light yellow solution is allowed to warm slowly for 1.5 h (bath reaches −63° C.) and the bath is removed and the reaction is allowed to warm to rt. The reaction is quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and diluted with ethyl acetate and water, layers separated. The aqueous is extracted with ethyl acetate (×2) and the combined organics are washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with a 0 to 100% ethyl acetate/hexane gradient afforded 1.040 g (2.67 mmol, 44% yield) of the title compound as an off-white solid solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 2H), 7.95 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 1.21 (s, 9H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.6, ESIMS m/z 390 [M+H]⁺.

Step C: Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1-(4′-(trifluoromethoxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl) -[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)propan-1-ol (109)

1-(4-Bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyrimidin-5-yl)propan-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.128 mmol, 1.0 equiv), (4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid (0.034 g, 0.167 mmol, 1.3 equiv) and potassium carbonate (0.062 g, 0.450 mmol, 3.5 equiv) were placed in a 2 mL microwave vail and DMF/water (0.400 mL/0.100 mL) were added. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (1.5 mg, 0.00128 mmol, 0.01 equiv) was added and the reaction was run in a Biotage microwave reactor for 30 min at 120° C. The reaction mixture was transferred to a scintillation vial and solvents were removed in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0 to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane gradient afforded 60 mg (0.128 mmol, 99% yield) of the title compound as an off-white foam. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.73 (s, 2H), 8.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (q, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=8.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.34 (dq, J=8.7, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.3, −57.8; ESIMS m/z 471 [M+H]⁺.

Biology Examples Example A: Evaluation of Fungicidal Activity: Leaf Blotch of Wheat (Mycosphaerella graminicola; Anamorph: Septoria tritici; Bayer code SEPTTR)

For Type A assays, technical grades of the experimental fungicides in Table 4 below were dissolved in acetone, and then mixed with nine volumes of water containing 110 ppm Triton X-100. The fungicide solutions were applied onto wheat seedlings using an automated booth sprayer. For Type B assays, emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of technical grades of experimental fungicides in Table 4 below were prepared at 10% (w/v), and then mixed with 150 volumes of 0.1% Trycol 5941. The fungicide solutions were applied onto wheat seedlings using an automated track sprayer at 200 L/ha. All sprayed plants were allowed to air dry prior to further handling.

Wheat plants (variety Yuma) were grown from seed in a greenhouse in 50% mineral soil/50% soil-less Metro mix until the first leaf was fully emerged, with 7-10 seedlings per pot. Prior to or after application of experimental fungicides, plants were inoculated either with spores of a standard laboratory SEPTTR isolate (SI SEPTTR) or with spores from a SEPTTR field isolate collected from Wellsbourne, England in 2012 (FI SEPTTR). After inoculation, the plants were kept for 3 days at 20° C. in 100% relative humidity (one day in a dark dew chamber followed by two days in a lighted dew chamber). Plants were then transferred to a 20° C. greenhouse for disease development. When disease symptoms were fully expressed on untreated plants, infection levels on treated plants were assessed on a scale of 0 to 100 percent disease severity. Percent disease control was calculated using the ratio of disease severity on treated plants relative to untreated plants. The results are shown below in Table 4.

TABLE 1 Structure and Preparation Method. Prepared According Compound to Number Structure Example  1

Example 1  2

Prepared according to Example 1 using 2-(4- (difluoromethoxy)- phenyl)4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  3

Prepared according to Example 1 using (4- cyanophenyl)boronic acid in D  4

Prepared according to Example 1 using (4- chlorophenyl)boronic acid in D  5

Prepared according to Example 1 using phenylboronic acid in D  6

Prepared according to Example 1 using (4- (trifluroromethyl)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  7

Prepared according to Example 1 using (6- (trifluoromethyl)-pyridin- 3-yl)boronic acid in D  8

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A  9

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chloro benzaldehyde in A and (4- cyanophenyl)boronic acid in D  10

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-cblorobenzaldehyde in A and 2-(4- (difluoromethoxy)- phenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in B  11

Prepared according to Example 1 using (3- (trifluoromethoxy)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  12

Prepared according to Example 1 asing ((2- (trifluoromethoxy)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  13

Prepared according to Example 1 using (4- methoxyphenyl)-boronic acid in D  14

Prepared according to Example 1 using ((4- (2,2,2-trifluoro- ethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid in D  15

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde in A  16

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde in A and 2-(4- (difluoromethoxy) phenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  17

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid in D  18

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde in (4-chlorophenyl)boronic acid in D  19

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-2-(4- ((trifluoro- methyl)thio)phenyl)-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  20

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenxaldehyde in A and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 2-(4- ((trifluoromethyl)thio) phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in D  21

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde in A and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2- (4- ((trifluoromethyl)thio) phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in D  22

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-chlorophenyl)boronic acid in D  23

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl)boronic acid in D  24

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-flurobenzaldehyde in A and(6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl)boronic acid in D  25

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A (4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  26

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  27

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chloro benzaldehyde in A and phenylboronic acid in D  28

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluoro benzaldehyde in A and phenyl boronic acid in D  29

Prepared according to Example 1 using (2- fluoro-4-(trifluoro- methyl)phenyl)boronic acid in D  30

Prepared according to Example 1 rising 4-bromo- 2-chloro benzaldehyde in A and 2-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- boronic acid in D  31

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluoro benzaldehyde in A and 2-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- boronic acid in D  32

Prepared according to Example 1 using (4-(1- cyanocyclopropyl) phenyl)boronic acid in D  33

Prepared according to Example 1 using (4-(tert- butyl)phenyl)-boronic acid in D  34

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-brorno- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A  35

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 2-(4- ((trifluoromethyl)thio) phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in D  36

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and 2-(4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  37

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and (4- cyanophenyl)boronic acid in D  38

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and (4-(1- cyanocyclopropyl)phenyl)- boronic acid in D  39

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and (4-(tert- butyl)phenyl)boronic acid in D  40

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and (2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethoxy) phenyl)boronic acid in D  41

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and 2-(2-fluoro-4- (trifluoro-methoxy)- phenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaboralane in D  42

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and (4-(2-cyanopropan- 2-yl)phenyl)-boronic acid in D  43

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-brorno- 2-methyl benzaldehyde in A and (4- (cyanomethyl)phenyl) boronic acid in D  44

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A  45

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and 2-(4 (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  46

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and 4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-2-(4- ((trifluoro- methyl)thio)phenyl)-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  47

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4 bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and (4- cyanophenyl)boronic acid in D  48

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and (4- (cyanomethyl)phenyl) boronic acid in D  49

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and (4-(1- cyanocyclopropyl) phenyl)-boronic acid in D  50

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and (4-(2- cyanopropan-2-yl)phenyl)- boronic acid in D  51

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and (4-(tert butyl)phenyl)boronic acid in D  52

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy benzaldehyde in A and (2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethoxy)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  53

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methoxy beazaldehyde in A and 2-(2-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethoxy)- phenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  54

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A  55

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4- ((trifluoromethyl)thio) phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in D  56

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and 2- (4(difluoromethoxy)- phenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  57

Prepared according to Example 1 3- bromopyridine in A and 4- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl)-boronic acid in D  58

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid in D  59

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and (4-(cyanomethyl)phenyl)- boronic acid in D  60

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and (4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  61

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and (4-(2-cyanopropan-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid in D  62

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and (4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)- boronic acid in D  63

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine in A and (2-methyl-4-(trifluoro- methoxy)phenyl)boronic acid in D  64

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A  65

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2- (4- ((trifluoromethyl)thio) phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in D  66

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and 2-(4- (difluoromethoxy)- phenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in D  67

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and 4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  68

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (4- cyanophenyl)boronic acid in D  69

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-(cyanomethyl)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  70

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and 4-(1- cyanocyclopropyl)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  71

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-(2-cyanopropan-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid in D  72

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)- boronic acid in D  73

Prepared according to Example 1 using 3- bromopyridine and 4- bromo-2- chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (2-methyl-4-(trifluoro- methoxy)phenyl)boronic acid in D  74

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluoro benzaldehyde in A and (2-methyl-4-(trifluoro- methoxy)-phenyl)boronic acid in D  75

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluoro benzaldehyde in A and (4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)- phenyl)boronic acid in D  76

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluoro benzaldehyde in A and 5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2- (2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy)pyridine in D  77

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluoro benzaldehyde in A and (4-(2-cyanopropan-2- yi)phenyl)boronic acid in D  78

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluoro benzaldehyde in A and 2-(2-fluoro-4- (trifluoro-methoxy) phenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2 dioxa- borolane in D  79

Prepared according to Example 2  80

Prepared according to Example 2 using (2- methyl-4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)- boronic acid in B  81

Prepared according to Example 2 using 2-(2- fluoro-4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetrametbyl-1,3,2 dioxaborolane in B  82

Prepared according to Example 2 using 5- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxa-borolan-2-yl)-2- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridine in B  83

Prepared according to Example 2 using 4-(2,2,2- trifluoro- ethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid in B  84

Prepared according to Example 2 using (4-(1- cyano- cyclopropyl)phenyl) boronic acid in B  85

Prepared according to Example 2 using (4-(2- cyanopropan-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid in B  86

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-(2-cyanopropan-2- yl)phenyl)boronic add in D  87

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 5-bromo-4- methoxypyrimidine in A and 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridine in D  88

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 5-bromo-4- metboxypyrimidine in A and (2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl) boronic acid in D  89

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chiorobenzaldehyde in A and (4-(1- cyanocyclopropyl)phenyl) boronic acid in D  91

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methylbenzaldehyde in A and 2-(3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxabordan-2-yl)phenyl)- 2-methylpropanenitrile in D  92

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 5-bromo-4- methoxypyrimidine in A and (4-(2-cyanopropan-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid in D  94

Prepared according So Example 3  95

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A and 2-(3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)- 2-methylpropanenitrile in D  96

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 5-bromo-4- methoxypyrimidine in A and (4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl) boronic acid in D  97

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde a in A and 1-(3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl) cyclopropanecarbonitrile in D  98

Prepared according to Example 3 using 2-(4- bromo-3-methylphenyl)-2- methylpropanenitrile in B  99

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A and (2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl) boronic acid in D 100

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 5-bromo-4- methoxypyrimidine in A and (4-(1- cyanocyclopropyl)phenyl) boronic acid in D 101

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde a in A and 2-(3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)- 2-methylpropanenitrile in D 102

Prepared according to Example 3 using the appropiate bromide prepared in Example 1 103

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-methylbenzaldehyde in A and 1-(3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl) cyclopropanecarbonitrile in D 104

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A and 2-(2-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane acid in D 105

Prepared according to Example 3 using the appropiate bromide prepared in Example 1 and 2-(4-bromo-3- methylphenyl)-2- methylpropanenitrite in B 106

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in A and 1-(3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl) cydopropanecarbonitrile in D 108

Prepared according to Example 1 using 4-bromo- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 5-bromo-4- methoxypyrimidine in A and (4- ((trifluoromethyl)thio) phenyl)boronic acid in D 109

Prepared according to Example 4 110

Prepared according to Example 4 using 2-(4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in C 111

Prepared according to Example 4 using (4- ((trifluoromethyl)thio) phenyl)boronic acid in C 112

Prepared according to Example 4 using (4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)phenyl) boronic acid in C 113

Prepared according to Example 4 using (2-fluoro- 4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) boronic acid in C 114

Prepared according to Example 4 using (6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl)boronic acid in C 115

Prepared according to Example 4 using (4-(1- cyanocyclopropyl)phenyl) boronic acid in C 116

Prepared according to Example 4 using (4-(2- cyanopropan-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid in C 117

Prepared according to Example 4 using (2-methyl- 4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl) boronic acid in C 118

Prepared according to Example 4 using 2-(2- fluoro-4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane in C 119

Prepared according to Example 4 using 1-(3- fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl) cyclopropanecarbonitrile in C 120

Prepared according to Example 4 using 2-(3- fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)- 2-methylpropanenitrile in C 120

Prepared according to Example 4 using 2-(3- fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)- 2-methylpropanenitrile in C

TABLE 2 Analytical Data. Compound Mass NMR Number Spec ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁹F 1 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, m/z 403 2H), 7.64-7.54 (m, 4H), 7.54-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.32- ([M + H]⁺) 7.26 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 1H), 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.81 2 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.93 (s, m/z 385 2H), 7.64-7.48 (m, 6H), 7.19 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 6.55 (t, J = 73.8 Hz, 1H), 2.56 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −80.78 3 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, m/z 344 2H), 7.75-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.59- ([M + H]⁺) 7.53 (m, 2H), 2.61 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.8, 156.4, 144.6, 144.4, 138.7, 138.1, 132.7, 128.9, 127.6, 126.6, 118.8, 111.2, 80.9, 39.5, 26.9 4 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, m/z 353 2H), 7.62-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.47 (m, 4H), 7.43- ([M + H]⁺) 7.39 (m, 2H), 2.58 (s, 1H), 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.6, 156.4, 143.2, 139.0, 138.8, 138.6, 133.7, 129.0, 128.7, 128.2, 126.4, 80.9, 39.4, 27.0 5 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, m/z 319 2H), 7.62-7.53 (m, 6H), 7.47-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.39- ([M + H]⁺) 7.33 (m, 1H), 2.64 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.5, 156.4, 142.8, 140.2, 140.1, 138.9, 128.8, 128.6, 127.5, 127.0, 126.5, 80.9, 39.4, 26.9 6 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, m/z 387 2H), 7.71-7.61 (m, 6H), 7.59-7.51 (m, 2H), 2.57 ([M + H]⁺) (s, 1H), 1.21 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −62.46 7 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, m/z 388 2H), 8.93 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.3, ([M + H]⁺) 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J = 8.2, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71- 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 2H), 2.59 (s, 1H), 1.21 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −67.74 8 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 437 2H), 8.15 (dt, J = 8.3, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.54 (m, ([M + H]⁺) 2H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.31 (dp, J = 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.80 9 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, m/z 378 2H), 8.22-8.17 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.70- ([M + H]⁺) 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.9, 156.1, 142.78, 140.8, 140.3, 137.9, 134.6, 132.8, 131.3, 130.9, 127.6, 124.5, 118.5, 112.1, 81.0, 39.6, 27.2 10 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 419 2H), 8.16-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.52- ([M + H]⁺) 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.56 (t, J = 73.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −80.9 11 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, m/z 403 2H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.40 (m, 5H), 7.21 ([M + H]⁺) (ddt, J = 7.8, 2.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 2.50 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.7 12 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, m/z 403 2H), 7.63-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.33 (m, 6H), 2.48 ([M + H]⁺) (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.1 13 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.92 (s, m/z 349 2H), 7.61-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.00- ([M + H]⁺) 6.94 (m, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 2.50 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 159.3, 156.7, 156.4, 142.2, 139.8, 138.9, 132.6, 128.6, 128.0, 126.1, 114.3, 80.9, 55.3, 39.4, 26.9 14 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.93 (s, m/z 417 2H), 7.62-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 4H), 7.04- ([M + H]⁺) 6.99 (m, 2H), 4.39 (q, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.9 15 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 421 2H), 7.89 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.53 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.38 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J = 13.9, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.81, −107.0 16 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, m/z 403 2H), 7.87 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.51 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.37 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J = 14.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (t, J = 73.7 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −80.96, −107.2 17 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, m/z 362 2H), 7.93 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.72 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.69-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J = 13.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −106.3 18 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, m/z 371 2H), 7.87 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.45-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.37 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J = 14.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.1 19 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, m/z 419 2H), 7.74-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.59 (m, 4H), 7.58- ([M + H]⁺) 7.54 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.7 20 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 453 2H), 8.20-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.63- ([M + H]⁺) 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.5 21 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 437 2H), 7.91 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.66 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.63-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J = 13.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.55, −106.8 22 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 388 2H), 8.14 (dt, J = 8.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.47 (m, ([M + H]⁺) 4H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.8, 156.1, 141.1, 139.6, 138.1, 136.8, 134.5, 134.3, 131.0, 130.7, 129.2, 128.2, 124.2, 80.9, 39.5, 27.2 23 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.93 (d, J = m/z 422 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (s, 2H), 8.26-8.21 (m, 1H), 8.05- ([M + H]⁺) 8.00 (m, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J = 8.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.61- 7.55 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 1H), 1.30 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −67.8 24 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.93 (d, m/z 406 J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.87 (s, 2H), 8.04-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.78 ([M + H]⁺) (dd, J = 8.2, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J = 13.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (dd, J = 7.9, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −67.8, −105.7 25 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 451 2H), 8.12 (dd, J = 7.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.47 (m, ([M + H]⁺) 4H), 7.05-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.40 (q, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.9 26 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, m/z 435 2H), 7.85 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.46 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.36 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 14.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.99 (m, 2H), 4.40 (q, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.90, −107.5 27 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, m/z 353 2H), 8.15-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 4H), 7.49- ([M + H]⁺) 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.39 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.6, 156.1, 142.4, 139.1, 138.4, 138.2, 134.2, 131.2, 130.5, 129.0, 128.3, 127.8, 126.9, 124.4, 80.9, 39.5, 27.2 28 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 337 2H), 7.86 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.49-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.20 (dd, J = 14.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.12-3.05 (m, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.6 29 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, m/z 405 2H), 7.67-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.47 (m, 4H), 7.45- ([M + H]⁺) 7.40 (m, 1H), 2.53 (s, 1H), 1.21 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −62.7, −115.4 30 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 9.07 (d, m/z 439 J = 5.6 Hz, 0H), 8.66 (s, 2H), 8.61 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 8.20-8.16 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.43 (m, 6H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 1.30 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −62.8, −114.9 31 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, m/z 423 2H), 7.93 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.48 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.47-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.19 (dt, J = 13.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −62.8, −106.8, −114.9 32 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.93 (s, m/z 384 2H), 7.63-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.39- ([M + H]⁺) 7.33 (m, 2H), 2.57 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.7, 156.4, 143.2, 139.6, 139.2, 138.8, 135.3, 128.7, 127.4, 126.4, 126.2, 122.4, 80.9, 39.4, 29.7, 26.9, 18.3, 13.6 33 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.93 (s, m/z 375 2H), 7.61-7.44 (m, 8H), 2.64 (s, 1H), 1.36(s, 9H), ([M + H]⁺) 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.6, 156.4, 150.6, 142.5, 140.0, 138.9, 137.2, 128.6, 126.6, 126.4, 125.8, 80.9, 39.4, 34.5, 31.3, 26.9 34 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 417 2H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.54 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.38 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 3H), 2.41 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.8 35 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 433 2H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 2H), 7.64-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.37 (s, 1H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.7 36 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 399 2H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.51 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.38 (ddd, J = 8.2, 2.4, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.55 (t, J = 73.8 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −80.8 37 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, m/z 358 1H), 8.65 (s, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.76- ([M + H]⁺) 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.7, 156.1, 144.5, 141.9, 140.3, 138.6, 137.4, 132.9, 132.6, 129.1, 127.5, 123.0, 118.8, 111.2, 81.2, 65.8, 39.8, 27.3, 23.0, 15.3 38 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, m/z 398 2H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.52 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.41-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.33-7.31 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.6, 156.1, 140.8, 139.8, 139.7, 139.4, 137.5 135.4, 132.7, 128.9, 127.4, 126.2, 122.8, 122.5, 81.2, 39.8, 27.4, 23.0, 18.3, 13.6 39 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 389 2H), 7.97 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.48 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.50-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.6, 156.1, 50.6, 140.6, 140.1, 139.5, 137.7, 137.1, 132.7, 128.8, 126.6, 125.8, 122.7, 81.2, 39.8, 34.6, 31.3, 22.9. 40 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, m/z 431 2H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.15-7.04 (m, 4H), 2.40 (s, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.7 41 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, m/z 435 2H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.03 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.98, −113.4 42 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 400 2H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.57 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.57-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.32 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.6, 156.1, 140.8, 140.7, 139.8, 139.7, 139.6, 137.6, 132.8, 128.9, 127.4, 125.6, 124.4, 122.8, 81.2, 39.8, 36.9, 29.1, 27.4, 23.0 43 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 372 2H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.56 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.41 (dd, J = 8.0, 0.7 Hz, 3H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 2.39 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.6, 156.1, 140.9, 139.9, 139.9, 139.7, 137.5, 132.7, 129.1, 128.9, 128.4, 127.6, 122.8, 117.7, 81.2, 39.8, 27.4, 23.4, 23.0 44 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, m/z 433 2H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.53 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.30 (ddt, J = 7.7, 2.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.8 45 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, m/z 415 2H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.48 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.23-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.02 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (t, J = 73.7 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −80.9 46 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, m/z 449 2H), 7.92 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.71 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.62-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.23 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.6 47 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, m/z 374 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.71 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.69-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.24 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 157.7, 156.6, 155.6, 144.5, 140.2, 139.7, 132.7, 129.5, 127.7, 119.1, 118.7, 111.7, 111.5, 80.3, 55.7, 38.8, 26.9 48 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, m/z 388 2H), 7.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.54 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.47-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 157.52, 156.5, 155.7, 141.2, 139.9, 131.7, 129.4, 129.2, 128.5, 127.7, 118.9, 117.7, 111.7, 80.3, 55.6, 38.8, 26.9, 23.4 49 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, m/z 414 2H), 7.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.40-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 157.5, 156.5, 155.7, 141.2, 139.9, 139.5, 135.7, 131.6, 129.2, 127.5, 126.2, 122.3, 118.8, 111.7, 80.3, 55.6, 38.8, 26.9, 18.4, 13.6 50 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, m/z 416 2H), 7.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.52 (m, 4H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.22 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 157.5, 156.5, 155.7, 141.3, 141.0, 139.9, 139.7, 131.6, 129.2, 127.5, 125.7, 124.4, 118.9, 111.7, 80.3, 55.6, 38.8, 36.9, 29.1, 26.9 51 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, m/z 405 2H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.43 (m, 4H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.22 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (s, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 157.4, 156.5, 155.7, 150.9, 142.2, 140.0, 137.2, 130.9, 129.0, 126.7, 125.8, 118.8, 111.7, 80.3, 55.5, 38.8, 34.6, 31.3, 26.9 52 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, m/z 447 2H), 7.88 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.94 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.7 53 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, m/z 451 2H), 7.92 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.16 (dt, J = 8.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dddd, J = 17.4, 10.7, 2.4, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.98, −113.2 54 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.84 (dd, J = 2.4, 0.8 m/z 402 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (ddd, J = ([M + H]⁺) 8.1, 2.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.55 (m, 4H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 3H), 2.42 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.8 55 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.86-8.81 (m, 1H), m/z 419 8.47 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.5, ([M + H]⁺) 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 8.2, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 1H), 1.21 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.7 56 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.82 (dd, J = 2.5, 0.9 m/z 384 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.84 ([M + H]⁺) (m, 1H), 7.62-7.53 (m, 4H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.22 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.54 (t, J = 73.9 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −80.7 57 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.85-8.81 (m, 1H), m/z 416 8.47 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.6, ([M + H]⁺) 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.56-.51 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.03- 6.97 (m, 2H), 4.39 (q, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.9 58 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.82 (dd, J = 2.5, 0.9 m/z 343 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (ddd, J = ([M + H]⁺) 8.2, 2.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.69- 7.61 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 8.2, 4.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.6, 147.8, 145.6, 144.9, 141.1, 137.6, 135.9, 132.6, 129.2, 127.6, 126.3, 122.4, 118.9, 110.9, 81.8, 39.4, 27.2 59 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.86-8.80 (m, 1H), m/z 357 8.46 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.4, ([M + H]⁺) 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.55 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J = 8.2, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 2.49 (s, 1H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.6, 147.7, 144.5, 141.2, 140.3, 138.6, 135.9, 128.9, 128.4, 127.7, 126.1, 122.3, 117.8, 81.8, 39.4, 27.2, 23.3 60 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.85-8.79 (m, 1H), m/z 383 8.45 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.4, ([M + H]⁺) 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.22 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (s, 1H), 1.78- 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.6, 147.7, 144.4, 141.2, 139.8, 138.6, 135.9, 135.1, 130.7, 128.9, 127.4, 126.1, 126.0, 122.5, 122.3, 81.8, 39.4, 27.2, 18.3, 13.6 61 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.82 (dd, J = 2.5, 1.2 m/z 385 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (ddd, J = ([M + H]⁺) 8.2, 2.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (tt, J = 5.9, 2.0 Hz, 4H), 7.56-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 1H), 1.76 (s, 6H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.6, 147.6, 144.4, 141.2, 140.5, 139.9, 138.7, 135.9, 128.9, 127.4, 126.1, 125.6, 124.5, 122.3, 81.8, 39.3, 36.9, 29.1, 27.2 62 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.83 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, m/z 374 1H), 8.46 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (ddd, J = ([M + H]⁺) 8.2, 2.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.49 (m, 4H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.22 (ddd, J = 8.2, 4.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 2.47 (s, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 150.4, 149.5, 147.5, 143.8, 141.3, 139.5, 137.5, 136.0, 128.8, 126.3, 125.7, 122.2, 81.9, 39.4, 34.5, 31.3, 27.2 63 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.85-8.78 (m, 1H), m/z 416 8.46 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.4, ([M + H]⁺) 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 4H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 1H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.7 64 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.49-8.46 (m, 2H), m/z 436 8.20-8.15 (m, 1H), 7.65 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.5, 1.7 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.33- 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.21 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.8 65 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.47 (dd, J = 4.7, 1.7 m/z 452 Hz, 2H), 8.21-8.16 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.71 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.65 (ddd, J = 8.0, 2.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.21 (ddd, J = 8.0, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.5 66 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.49-8.45 (m, 2H), m/z 418 8.18-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.65 (ddd, J = 8.0, 2.4, 1.6 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22- 7.18 (m, 3H), 6.56 (t, J = 73.7 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −80.9. 67 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.50-8.43 (m, 2H), m/z 450 8.14 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (ddd, J = 8.0, 2.4, 1.6 ([M + H]⁺) Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.20 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05-6.99 (m, 2H), 4.40 (q, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (s, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.9 68 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.50-8.43 (m, 2H), m/z 377 8.21 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.69- ([M + H]⁺) 7.62 (m, 3H), 7.53 (dq, J = 4.1, 2.2 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.4, 147.8, 143.0, 142.1, 140.0, 139.6, 135.6, 134.9, 132.8, 131.1, 130.9, 127.6, 124.2, 121.8, 118.6, 111.9, 82.1, 65.8, 39.5, 27.5, 15.3 69 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.51-8.44 (m, 2H), m/z 391 8.20-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.65 (ddd, J = 8.0, 2.4, 1.6 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.61-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.46- 7.33 (m, 2H), 7.21 (ddd, J = 8.0, 4.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.4, 147.7, 141.0, 140.7, 140.2, 138.6, 135.6, 134.6, 130.9, 130.7, 129.8, 128.6, 127.6, 124.0, 121.8, 82.2, 39.4, 27.5, 23.4 70 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.50-8.44 (m, 2H), m/z 417 8.16 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (ddd, J = 8.0, 2.5, 1.6 ([M + H]⁺) Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.50 (dq, J = 4.8, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.20 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 1H), 1.81-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.49- 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.5, 147.7, 140.9, 140.7, 140.2, 138.0, 136.0, 135.6, 134.6, 130.9, 130.6, 127.4, 126.3, 123.9, 122.3, 121.8, 82.1, 39.4, 30.3, 27.5, 18.4, 15.3, 13.6 71 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.50-8.45 (m, 2H), m/z 419 8.17 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.61- ([M + H]⁺) 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.51 (h, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (ddd, J = 8.0, 4.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 1H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 149.5, 147.7, 141.4, 140.9, 140.8, 140.3, 138.2, 135.6, 134.6, 130.9, 130.6, 127.4, 125.8, 124.3, 124.0, 121.8, 82.1, 65.8, 39.4, 37.0, 29.1, 27.5 72 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.51-8.48 (m, 1H), m/z 408 8.47 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.16-8.11 (m, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.67-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.45 (m, 6H), 7.20 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 151.3, 149.4, 147.5, 141.7, 140.4, 140.2, 135.7, 134.4, 130.9, 130.5, 126.6, 125.9, 123.9, 121.8, 82.1, 65.8, 39.4, 34.6, 31.3, 27.5 73 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.47 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 m/z 450 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (dd, J = 2.3, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (dt, J = ([M + H]⁺) 8.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 4H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.7 74 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 435 2H), 7.86 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.16-7.08 (m, 3H), 6.92 (dd, J = 13.6, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.7, −107.6 75 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, m/z 402 2H), 7.87 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.51 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.42-7.32 (m, 3H), 7.17 (dd, J = 14.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 1.82-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.49- 1.39 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.2 76 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 436 2H), 8.34 (dd, J = 2.5, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (t, J = 8.5 ([M + H]⁺) Hz, 1H), 7.82 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J = 13.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J = 8.6, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (q, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.80, −106.7 77 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 404 2H), 7.88 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.54 (m, 4H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.40 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J = 14.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.2 78 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 439 2H), 7.90 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.35 (dt, J = 8.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.04 (m, 3H), 3.05 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.9, −107.1, −113.2 79 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 435 2H), 7.79 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.57 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.45-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.31 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J = 13.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.8, −98.6 80 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.86 (d, J = m/z 449 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = ([M + H]⁺) 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 3H), 6.97 (dd, J = 12.6, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.7, −99.1 81 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J = m/z 453 1.1 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J = ([M + H]⁺) 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dt, J = 8.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dt, J = 12.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.07 (m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.9, −98.7, −113.0 82 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J = m/z 450 1.0 Hz, 2H), 8.39 (dd, J = 2.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.87 ([M + H]⁺) (dd, J = 8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J = 12.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J = 8.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (q, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.8, −98.3 83 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, J = m/z 449 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.54 ([M + H]⁺) (m, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J = 13.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 2H), 4.41 (q, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.9, −98.9 84 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, J = m/z 416 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.55 ([M + H]⁺) (m, 2H), 7.44 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J = 13.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.19 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −98.7 85 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J = m/z 418 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.60 ([M + H]⁺) (m, 2H), 7.61-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.46 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J = 13.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 1.78 (s, 6H), 1.20 (s, 9H) ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −98.7. 86 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 420 2H), 8.15 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 4H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 1H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.29 (s, 9H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.80, 156.14, 141.59, 141.43, 139.59, 138.13, 138.02, 134.33, 131.16, 130.69, 127.48, 125.86, 124.32, 124.29, 81.00, 39.52, 37.02, 29.12, 27.26. 87 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, m/z 452 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.78 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.33 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 12.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (q, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.38 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −73.81, −106.99. 88 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, m/z 465 1H), 7.78 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.13-7.06 (m, 3H), 6.79 (dd, J = 12.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.70, −107.85. 89 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 418 2H), 8.14 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.50 (m, 4H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.40-7.36 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 1.81-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.29 (s, 9H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.80, 156.13, 141.37, 139.58, 138.12, 137.80, 136.28, 134.33, 131.08, 130.70, 127.43, 126.33, 124.26, 122.30, 81.00, 39.52, 27.26, 18.50, 13.66. 91 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 418 2H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.38 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.24 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 6H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −115.91. 92 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, m/z 434 1H), 7.80 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.54 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 13.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 6H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.46. 94 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, m/z 418 1H), 8.64 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81-7.73 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.61 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −58.15. 95 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, m/z 438 2H), 8.15 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.50 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.46 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J = 11.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.29 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −115.61. 96 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, m/z 451 1H), 7.80 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.56 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.36 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 13.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.83, −107.31. 97 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, m/z 420 2H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.36 (dt, J = 8.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.14 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 11.7, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.12 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.83-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.25 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.19, −116.02. 98 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, m/z 414 2H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.47 (s, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 6H), 1.28 (s, 9H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.59, 156.14, 140.86, 140.52, 140.41, 140.23, 139.12, 137.62, 136.02, 134.91, 130.14, 128.17, 127.18, 124.98, 124.58, 122.40, 81.22, 39.77, 36.89, 29.15, 27.38, 24.84, 22.86, 20.68. 99 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, m/z 451 2H), 8.12 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 0.6 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 2H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.09 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.69. 100 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, m/z 432 1H), 7.79 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.54 (m, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.36 (td, J = 7.2, 6.3, 1.8 Hz, 3H), 7.06 (dd, J = 13.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.44. 101 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 422 2H), 7.89 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.37 (ddd, J = 8.2, 4.7, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dt, J = 13.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 1.76 (s, 6H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.26, −115.66. 102 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, m/z 422 2H), 8.61 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.83-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.59 (m, 2H), 3.04 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −58.14, −106.71. 103 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 416 2H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.37 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J = 11.5, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −116.25. 104 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 455 2H), 8.16 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (tq, J = 4.0, 1.9 ([M + H]⁺) Hz, 2H), 7.45 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.05 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 1.29 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −57.97, −113.10. 105 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, m/z 418 2H), 7.86 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.33 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J = 13.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 6H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −107.77. 106 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, m/z 436 2H), 8.15 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dt, J = 4.5, 1.6 ([M + H]⁺) Hz, 2H), 7.42 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J = 11.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 1.85-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.29 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −115.97. 108 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, m/z 467 1H), 7.82 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.65-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J = 13.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.67, −107.12. 109 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.73 (s, m/z 471 2H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (q, J = 3.2 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.73 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.34 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.31, −57.80. 110 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, m/z 453 2H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.72 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.22 (m, 2H), 6.57 (t, J = 73.6 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.28, −81.02. 111 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, m/z 487 2H), 8.10 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.77 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.2 Hz, 3H), 7.66-7.62 (m, 2H), 2.70 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −42.49, −54.30. 112 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, m/z 485 2H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.72 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 2H), 4.41 (q, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 1.25 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.26, −73.88. 113 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, m/z 473 2H), 8.11 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.77 (dt, J = 8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.48 (dd, J = 10.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (s, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.35, −62.83, −115.22. 114 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.96 (d, J = m/z 456 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (s, 2H), 8.15 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 8.09-8.05 (m, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (ddd, J = 8.4, 5.8, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (s, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.38, −67.85. 115 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, m/z 452 2H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.74 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.38 (m, 2H), 2.74 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 1.82-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.27. 116 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, m/z 454 2H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.75 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.57 (m, 4H), 2.72 (s, 1H), 1.78 (s, 6H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.27. 117 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, m/z 485 2H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, ([M + H]⁺) 1H), 7.50 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 2H), 2.70 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.24, −57.69. 118 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, m/z 489 2H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.00-7.95 (m, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.73 (dt, J = 8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.07 (m, 2H), 2.72 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.33, −57.97, −113.40. 119 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, m/z 470 2H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.99-7.92 (m, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.74 (dt, J = 8.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, 1 = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 11.5, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 2.72 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 1.85-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.31, −116.28. 120 ESIMS ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, m/z 472 2H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.02-7.98 (m, 1H), ([M + H]⁺) 7.75 (dt, J = 8.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 11.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.26 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −54.08, −115.92.

TABLE 3 Rating Scale For Disease Control in Wheat Leaf Blotch (SEPTTR) Assay. % Disease Control Rating  80-100 A 60-79 B 40-59 C <40 D Not tested E

TABLE 4 Biological Activity - Disease Control in Type A and Type B Assays. SI SEPTTR SI SEPTTR FI SEPTTR Type A Assay Type B Assay Type B Assay Compound (50 ppm) (100 g/ha) (100 g/ha) Number 1DP 3DC 3DP 3DC 3DP 1 A A A A A 2 A A A A A 3 A B B A B 4 E E E E E 5 A E E E E 6 A E E E E 7 A E E E E 8 A A A A A 9 A A B A A 10 A A A A B 11 A B A B B 12 B E E E E 13 A E E E E 14 A A A A B 15 E A A B A 16 E A A A A 17 E A A A A 18 E E E E E 19 E A B A A 20 E E E E E 21 E E E E E 22 E A A A A 23 E A A A A 24 E A A A A 25 A A B A A 26 A A A A A 27 A E E E E 28 A E E E E 29 A E E E E 30 A A A A A 31 A E E E E 32 A A A B A 33 A E E E E 34 A E E E E 35 A E E E E 36 A E E E E 37 A E E E E 38 A E E E E 39 A E E E E 40 A E E E E 41 A E E E E 42 A E E E E 43 C E E E E 44 A E E E E 45 A E E E E 46 A E E E E 47 A E E E E 48 A E E E E 49 A E E E E 50 A E E E E 51 A E E E E 52 B E E E E 53 A E E E E 54 A E E E E 55 A E E E E 56 A E E E E 57 A E E E E 58 A E E E E 59 A E E E E 60 A E E E E 61 A E E E E 62 A E E E E 63 A E E E E 64 E E E A A 65 E E E A A 66 E E E D A 67 E E E A A 68 E E E B A 69 E E E C A 70 E E E A A 71 E E E A A 72 E E E B A 73 E E E C A 74 E E E A A 75 E E E A A 76 E E E A B 77 E E E A A 78 E E E A A 79 E E E A A 80 E E E A A 81 E E E A A 82 E E E A A 83 E E E A A 84 E E E A A 85 E E E A A 86 E E E B A 87 E E E A A 88 E E E A A 89 E E E B A 91 E E E A A 92 E E E A A 94 E E E A A 95 E E E A A 96 E E E A A 97 E E E A A 98 E E E E E 99 E E E A A 100 E E E A A 101 E E E A A 102 E E E A A 103 E E E A A 104 E E E A A 105 E E E A A 106 E E E B A 108 E E E E E 109 E E E E E 110 E E E E E 111 E E E E E 112 E E E E E 113 E E E E E 115 E E E E E 116 E E E E E 117 E E E E E 118 E E E E E 119 E E E E E 120 E E E E E * SI—SEPTTR standard laboratory isolate * FI—SEPTTR field isolate *SEPTTR—Wheat Leaf Blotch (Septoria tritici) *ppm—Parts per million *g/ha—Grams per hectare *1DP—1 Day Protectant *3DC—3 Day Curative *3DP—3 Day Protectant 

1-18. (canceled)
 19. A method of treating a subject suffering from or susceptible to a metalloenzyme-related disorder or disease, wherein the subject has been identified as in need of treatment for a metalloenzyme-related disorder or disease, comprising administering to said subject in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or salt thereof, wherein:

Z is optionally substituted 5-pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted 4-pyrimidinyb optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, or optionally substituted 3-pyridinyl; R₁ is alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₂ is aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₃ is independently H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, —C(O)alkyl, or —Si(alkyl)₃, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₄, R₅, R₆, and R₇ are independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, halo, or cyano; and R₈ is independently aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, thioalkyl, cyano, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, haloalkoxy, —C(O)alkyl, —C(O)OH, —C(O)O-alkyl, —SCF₃, —SF₅, —SCN, or —SO₂- alkyl, such that said subject is treated for said disorder.
 20. A method of treating a subject suffering from or susceptible to a metalloenzyme-mediated disorder or disease, wherein the subject has been identified as in need of treatment for a metalloenzyme-mediated disorder or disease, comprising administering to said subject in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or salt thereof wherein:

Z is optionally substituted 5-pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted 4-pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, or optionally substituted 3-pyridinyl; R₁ is alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₂ is aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₃ is independently H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, —C(O)alkyl, or —Si(alkyl)₃, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₄, R₅, R₆, and R₇ are independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, halo, or cyano; and R₈ is independently aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, thioalkyl, cyano, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, haloalkoxy, —C(O)alkyl, —C(O)OH, —C(O)O-alkyl, —SCF₃, —SF₅, —SCN, or —SO₂-alkyl, such that metalloenzyme activity in said subject is modulated (e.g., down regulated, inhibited).
 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer, cardiovascular disease, endocrinologic disease, inflammatory disease, infectious disease, gynecologic disease, metabolic disease, opthalmologic disease, central nervous system (CNS) disease, urologic disease, or gastrointestinal disease.
 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the disease or disorder is systemic fungal infection, mucosal infection, or dermal infection. 23-32. (canceled)
 33. A composition comprising a compound of Formula I, or salt thereof wherein:

Z is optionally substituted 5-pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted 4-pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, or optionally substituted 3-pyridinyl; R₁ is alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₂ is aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₃ is independently H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, —C(O)alkyl, or —Si(alkyl)₃, each optionally substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 independent R₈; R₄, R₅, R₆, and R₇ are independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, halo, or cyano; and R₈ is independently aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, thioalkyl, cyano, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, haloalkoxy, —C(O)alkyl, —C(O)OH, —C(O)O-alkyl, —SCF₃, —SF₅, —SCN, or —SO₂-alkyl, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 34. The composition according to claim 33, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent.
 35. The composition according to claim 33, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent that is an anti-cancer agent, antifungal agent, cardiovascular agent, antiinflammatory agent, chemotherapeutic agent, an anti-angiogenesis agent, cytotoxic agent, an anti-proliferation agent, metabolic disease agent, opthalmologic disease agent, central nervous system (CNS) disease agent, urologic disease agent, or gastrointestinal disease agent. 36-39. (canceled) 